Car trouble is never convenient nor enjoyable. Knowing what fixes to try first helps. Here's what to check to troubleshoot the problem.
Ignition Problems
Key won't turn.
- Check that the transmission is in either "Park" or "Neutral." For manual transmission, depress the clutch pedal fully, and then try the key.
- Check to see if the steering column is locked. Turn the key halfway, try straightening the wheels, and turn the key again.
- Look for a lever just below the ignition on the steering column, and push down while turning the key.
- If the vehicle has an adjustable steering wheel, make sure the wheel position lever is locked — usually at the base of the steering column under the dash — and then try again.
Engine won't crank. The key turns but nothing happens or the car just "clicks." The battery may be dead. Try a jump start.
Engine cranks but won't start. If the engine is turning over but won't start, check your fuel gauge. If there is gas in the tank it could be your fuel pump. If you can, check for spark at the plug wires.
Engine starts but the car won't move.
- Make sure nothing is blocking the wheels, and the emergency brake is disengaged. If the car is an automatic, make sure it is in "Drive." If the car is a manual, make sure you are in first gear. If this fails, there may be something wrong with the transmission or the clutch drive train.
- Check the transmission fluid; add fluid if needed. Try to start the car again.
Fluid Leaks
Fluid leaks can result in expensive repairs.
Fuel. A fuel leak should be addressed immediately due to the risk of fire. Fuel can be identified by smell. Look for loose hose clamps, damaged metal tubes, or leaking hoses.
Oil. An oil leak looks like slippery dark liquid under the engine. Try tightening valve covers or replace leaking lines.
Coolant. Coolant is a green, slippery-feeling liquid. While the engine is hot, pop the hood to see where the leak is coming from. Check the radiator, the cap, and the hoses running to the radiator while using gloves. Never attempt to remove a radiator cap from a hot engine. If you find the leak, let the engine cool before repairing.
Transmission fluid. Leaking transmission fluid is reddish and slippery. Puddles typically form under the transmission or engine block. Transmission leaks should be fixed professionally.
Brake fluid. Brake fluid is reddish and slippery. The main culprit for leaking brake fluid is the "master cylinder," which is attached to the back wall of the engine compartment.
If you can locate your master cylinder, check to make sure the cap is on tight. Brake lines, which carry the fluid from the master cylinder to the wheels, also leak and should be repaired immediately.
Power steering fluid. If you have power steering, you have power steering fluid — a slippery substance that comes in a variety of colors. If your steering wheel is hard to turn, noisy when turning, or "jumping" during a turn, you are probably leaking fluid. The pump may need replaced or a line may need to be repaired.
Water. You may notice a clear liquid dripping from the car when running your air conditioner. If the liquid smells, looks and feels like water, there is no need for alarm, as it is simply condensation.
Windshield washer fluid. Windshield washer fluid is blue and smells like alcohol. Check the cap on your reservoir. Inspect the lines, clamps, and hoses
Funny Noises
Noises from the car sometimes often offer clues about where the problem lies.
Under the car. Take a look — is something dragging or hanging? Before you touch, make sure it's not hot.
Transmission. In front-engine cars, the transmission is located between and below the front seats, behind the engine. If you hear a transmission noise, check the transmission fluid level with the engine running and in Park. If the fluid level is okay, get the car checked out.
Wheels and brakes. Brake noise is fairly common. Brake shoes and pads wear out and need to be replaced regularly. The process is not very complicated, but be sure to get assistance if you need it.
Exhaust. Exhaust noises are loud and come from a worn out muffler or cracked exhaust pipe. Exhaust systems can be replaced with the engine cool but in some cases require pipe work.
Engine noises. Noises from under the hood can be just about anything but checking belts is a good start. Have faulty belts replaced by a professional.
Basic Maintenance
Here is a quick guide to basic auto maintenance.
Tires. Each month, check your tire pressure and add air if necessary. Tire pressure settings are posted on the side of the tires. Examine tire tread. If you notice uneveness, you may need a front-end alignment or tire rebalancing.
Brakes. Brakes wear out depending on how and how much you drive. Have your brakes and pads checked at least once a year.
Hose and belts. Check hoses once a month for cracking, bulges, shiny spots, or mushy areas, especially check around the clamps. Check belts for cracks or fraying. Replace as necessary.
Cooling systems. While the engine is off, top off the coolant to the "Full" line. If you notice the air conditioning not getting very cool, you may need to have your system "recharged".
Oil. Check your manual to see how often oil changes are recommended. Check the oil level by pulling out the dipstick (with the car off and engine cooled), wiping off the oil, re-inserting the stick, and reading oil level. Some cars check the oil electronically with a series of menus on the dash.
Transmission fluid. Follow manufacturers' guidelines for changing transmission fluid. Check your transmission fluid level by starting the car, putting it in park and checking the dipstick.
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